01 Feb JACKSON AVW (1938) The latest character away from Mani, the latest creator from Manichaeism
Haj, Handicap within the Antiquity, q
Log of your own Western Oriental Neighborhood 58: 235-forty. Heading representations regarding Mani otherwise Manes, c. 216-276 Le, was talked about, that have believe of culture indexed by the al-Nadim (creating c. 987 Ce) that Mani is actually lame in feet or in their best foot. You to definitely traditions will be supported by retranslation regarding an expression in the the brand new Pahlavi Denkart (3.200, 1-13) (get a hold of Dinkard, above), applying the label ‘broken’ or ‘crippled’ so you’re able to Mani (look for less than, al-Nadim, Fihrist, pp. 773, 794).
Here, considering Michael Dols, the guy chatted about “bodily infirmities eg facial skin problems, lameness, paralysis, and you can deafness and personal functions such as for example baldness, leanness, and you will ugliness
Al-JAHIZ (Abu Othman Amr container Bahr). Al-Barsan wal-Argan wal-Umyan wal-Hawlan [Brand new Lepers, the brand new Lame, the fresh new Blind, plus the Squinting], ed. Abdel-Salam Haroun https://internationalwomen.net/no/blog/colombian-datingsider/ (1998). Cairo. Al-Jahiz (776-868) is actually a prolific, influential and you can significantly unsightly writer which have ‘goggle eyes’ (jahiz), in the Basra (now inside the Iraq), whose work could have been far cited along the Arab globe. ” His aim were to show that “bodily infirmities and you may distinct features do not hinder just one out-of are a completely energetic member of this new Muslim area otherwise club him off crucial offices. Al-Jahiz handled one physical ailments commonly personal stigmas however they are exactly what are entitled signs and symptoms of divine blessing otherwise choose.” (Meters Dols, 1983, New leper inside Gothic Islamic community. Speculum 58: 891-916, towards p. 901) Even after their own connection with negative personal reactions, al-Jahiz in just one of their most readily useful-recognized really works, ‘The Secret out-of Creation’, penned harshly about societal areas of deafness. Apart from the deaf man or woman’s loss of sounds, “Folks are bored in his team and he try a weight in it. He or she is unable to pay attention to some of the people’s stories and you will discussions. Even if expose it’s as though he was basically absent, and though live it’s since if the guy was basically inactive.” (cited from the F. v., p. 159). Discover next affairs. A new commentator cards you to “Al-Barsan wal-Argan. ” is among the most tough functions Jahiz, and its particular topic is nearly unique when you look at the historical Arabic literary works. (Truth be told there does not seem to be an English translation offered at present).
JAIN, Jagdish C (1947) Lifetime from inside the Old India given that Depicted on Jain Canons. Bombay: The new Guide Business. Ailment and you will therapy, and additionally some disabilities, regarding Jaina supplies (pp. 178-81). Individuals with handicaps, in addition to intellectual retardation, is actually excluded out-of joining spiritual orders (194). Discover Tattvartha Sutra, below; together with second a couple of things).
[JAINA Messages] Gaina Sutras translated out-of Prakrit, transl. Hermann Jacobi, 2 vols, (1884 and you can 1895), SBE twenty-two & forty-five, Oxford: Clarendon. [The newest SBE show utilized an italicised ‘G’ in lieu of ‘J’, for certain grounds. Here ‘Gaina’ might have been reinserted regarding regular alphabetical acquisition to own benefits.] – The brand new Akaranga Sutra (inside the vol. I), away from even the 5th century Ce, gave tuition getting a great holy and you can simple lifetime. Handicap and you will disability appear, elizabeth.g. “toward devastation of your own perceptions of the ear canal, vision, areas of smelling, sampling, touching, men gets aware of the fresh new refuse off lifetime” (vol. I: p. 15) [Bk We (2) 1]. Fruits from completely wrong acts inside the prior to lives is: “Comes and you can leprosy, usage, dropping disorder, blindness and firmness, lameness and you will humpbackedness, Dropsy and you may dumbness, browse! apoplexy (?) and vision-state, moving and crippledness, elephantiasis and you will diabetes, They are sixteen infection enumerated when you look at the due acquisition; as well as all of them of several conditions and wounds are present.” (I: 54) [Bk We (6) step one.] Yet correct-oriented anybody is always to take the time to play with inoffensive terms and conditions whenever appointment anyone with for example requirements. It “must not speak of them in this way: ‘He ‘s got comes otherwise leprosy, etc [including new terms revealed over]; his hands is reduce, or his legs, nose, ear, lip are slash.’ To own given that every such people, verbal so you can this kind of vocabulary, end up being furious, and therefore, provided well, they want to perhaps not speak to all of them in such language.” (I: 152-53) [Bk II, (4) 2.] – The fresh Uttaradhyayana Sutra (inside Vol. II) including cards impairment which have age, “If your human anatomy increases old, along with your tresses transforms white, the power of their ears decreases”, furthermore into the sight, nostrils, tongue, touch (II: p. 44) [section X]. – The newest Sutrakritanga Sutra (from inside the Vol. II) says in passing brand new “blind-born man” (p. 243), and “men whom walk on crutches” (p. 269). Monks hankering immediately following relationships was informed of terrible disablement regarding you to definitely condition: getting bought throughout the away from start till midnight from the partner, and also the other countries in the evening comforting babies and you can washing their nappies (pp. 275-78). Monks just who be a part of sensual pleasures is actually assured nevertheless even worse pain after they pass away; right after which it “might be born deaf and dumb, otherwise blind [footnote: both blind by delivery, otherwise certainly foolish or unaware], otherwise foolish by delivery.” (p. 363; similar to your pp. 367, 430) [Bk 2 (2); and you will dos (7)].
No Comments